I reported these three resources today after talking with Karen Coyle about HIV and AIDS in LCSH.
The subdivision –Patients has a scope note which says:
Use as a topical subdivision under individual diseases and types of diseases.
Obviously, “HIV-positive persons” is neither an individual disease nor a type of disease.
Update 2016-08-30
They fixed it on May 6th, 2016!
Not that anyone emailed me to say so or anything…
2016-04-16
Scope note is: Here are entered works on Nightmare on Superman films discussed collectively. Works on individual Superman films are entered under the specific title.
I believe the phrase “Nightmare on” is not meant to be there and is a copy/paste error from Nightmare on Elm Street films
Latin America. Spanish America—South America—Brazil—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
There are at least two things to talk about here:
Elements in the population (link to my post about the phrase), but the short of it is — it’s a ubiquitous term in LCC which is used to indicate which people are not considered part of the ‘usual’ population
The term ‘Negroes’ itself — It needs to be changed, and it needs to be changed comprehensively.
Because this isn’t the only place it appears in LCC. Far. From. It.
Look, when we assign cutters, they don’t always correspond to an actual word, but hhere they do. Every single time, they do. At Emerson we had a very large collection of books about film. Sometimes when I’d direct patrons to find books on representation of African Americans and other Black people in cinema, I’d hope they wouldn’t notice the cutter. One time a patron asked me. It was uncomfortable for me, but you know what?
This isn’t about my discomfort — at all. My cringing as I told a patron that .N4 stood for ‘Negroes’ is nothing compared to the aggression, micro and macro that I put on that patron and that we put on our patrons every day, sending them to the stacks to browse there.
The fact of the matter is, that when providing a listing of ‘Elements in the population A-Z’ or ‘Special topics A-Z’, ‘Negro’ is used — a lot.
The following is every single occurrence:
(I’m only including when the term ‘Negro/es’ is in the actual caption, not counting back-end 453s — I’m also not including the hits for a specific group that still uses the term in their name, e.g. ‘United Negro College Fund’)
BF432.N5
Psychology—Consciousness. Cognition—Intelligence. Mental ability. Intelligence testing. Ability testing—By specific group of people, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks. African Americans
BR563.N4
Christianity—History—By region or country—America—North America—United States—By race or ethnic group, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
BX1407.N4
Christian denominations—Catholic Church—History—By region or country—North America—United States—Special topics, A-Z, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
BX8060.N5
Christian denominations—Other Protestant denominations—Lutheran churches—History—By region or country—America. United States—United States—Individual branches, synods, etc., of Lutherans—Mergers. Federations—Synods on a linguistic basis other than German—Other national or racial groups, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks. African Americans
D547.N4
History (General)—World War I (1914-1918)—Military operations—Western—English—Individual. By region or name, A-Z—Negroes
D639.N4
History (General)—World War I (1914-1918)—Special topics—Other special topics, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
D810.N4
History (General)—World War II (1939-1945)—Other special topics, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
DA125.N4
History of Great Britain—England—History—General special—Ethnography—Elements in the population—By element, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
E29.N3
America—General—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
E269.N3
United States—The Revolution, 1775-1783—Participation by race, ethnic group, religious group, etc., A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
E540.N3
United States—The Civil War, 1861-1865—Armies. Troops—The Union Army—Participation by race, ethnic group, religious group, etc., A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
E725.5.N3
United States—Late nineteenth century, 1865-1900—McKinley’s first administration, 1897-1901—War of 1898 (Spanish-American War)—Armies. Troops—United States Army. Corps. Brigades—Participation by race, ethnic group, etc., A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
F1035.N3
British America—Canada—Elements in the population—Negroes. Blacks
F1419.N4
Latin America. Spanish America—Latin America (General)—Elements in the population—Individual, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
F1789.N3
Latin America. Spanish America—West Indies—Greater Antilles—Cuba—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
F1896.N4
Latin America. Spanish America—West Indies—Greater Antilles—Jamaica—Elements in the population—Individual elements—Negroes. Blacks
F1983.N4
Latin America. Spanish America—West Indies—Greater Antilles—Puerto Rico. Boriquen—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
F2391.N4
Latin America. Spanish America—South America—Guiana—Guyana. British Guiana—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes
F2431.N3
Latin America. Spanish America—South America—Guiana—Suriname. Netherlands or Dutch Guiana—Elements in the population—Individual elements—Negroes. Blacks
F2659.N4
Latin America. Spanish America—South America—Brazil—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
F2799.N3
Latin America. Spanish America—South America—Uruguay—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
N8232
Visual arts—Special subjects of art—Other special subjects (alphabetically)—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PE3102.N4-PE3102.N48
English philology and language—Linguistic geography. Dialects, etc.—English outside of the British Isles—United States (and America general)—Ethnic groups, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
PE3727.N4
English philology and language—Linguistic geography. Dialects, etc.—Slang. Argot. Vulgarisms—Special classes—Special groups of persons—Other, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PN1995.9.N4
Drama—Motion pictures—Other special topics, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks. African Americans
PN4305.N5
Oratory—Oratory. Elocution, etc.—Recitations (in English)—Special—Other special. By subject, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
PN6120.N4
Collections of general literature—Drama—Special. By subject or form, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
PN6231.N5
Collections of general literature—Wit and humor—Collections on special topics, A-Z—Negroes. Blacks
PS153.N5
American literature—History of American literature—Special classes of authors—Other classes of authors, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS173.N4
American literature—History of American literature—Treatment of special classes, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS310.N4
American literature—History of American literature—Special forms—Poetry—Special topics, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS338.N4
American literature—History of American literature—Special forms—Drama—Special topics, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS374.N4
American literature—History of American literature—Special forms—Prose—Prose fiction—Special forms and topics, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS508.N3
American literature—Collections of American literature—Special classes of authors, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS509.N4
American literature—Collections of American literature—Special topics (Prose and verse), A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS591.N4
American literature—Collections of American literature—Poetry—Special—Special groups of authors, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS595.N3
American literature—Collections of American literature—Poetry—Special—By subject, A-Z—Negro (African American, Black) rimes and songs
PS627.N4
American literature—Collections of American literature—Drama—Special forms and topics, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans. Blacks
PS628.N4
American literature—Collections of American literature—Drama—Special classes of authors, A-Z—Negro (African American, Black) authors
PS663.N4
American literature—Collections of American literature—Oratory—Special, A-Z—Negro. African American. Black
RA448.5.N4
Public aspects of medicine—Public health. Hygiene. Preventive medicine—By region or country—America—North America—United States—Ethnic groups, etc.—Individual, A-Z—Negroes. African Americans
National bibliography—America—United States—American literature—Special classes or groups of writers, A-Z—Negro. African American
Z6944.N39
Subject bibliography—Periodicals, newspapers, and other serials—Special topics, A-Z—Negro (African American, Black) newspapers
I want to point out that LCC has made the flip in some places. There are many places that have either changed the cuttered term and provided a redirect, or perhaps were never cuttered in the Ns to begin with and so are placed in the Bs or As — it’s just a matter of changing the rest.
Examples:
(ML120.N49)
Literature on music—Bibliography—By region or country, A-Z—Negro music, United States
see ML128.B45
PS366.A35
American literature—History of American literature—Special forms—Prose—Special topics, A-Z—African Americans. Blacks PS366.N42 Negroes see PS366.A35
F2239.B55
Latin America. Spanish America—South America—Elements in the population—Individual elements, A-Z—Blacks F2239.N32 Negroes see F2239.B55
Edit 2016-04-07
I updated the above two examples to show the that the SEE reference still exists in the catalog, and where it lives. While the cutter itself isn’t visible in ClassWeb’s normal view, it is viewable in the MARC record.
I do recommend that when creating new cutters for Blacks or African Americans, they should stop adding automatic references for the same topic where it would’ve appeared as an .N4 (or thereabouts) we shouldn’t be including pejoratives as UFs or see references.
Back when I did a lot of shelving in the stacks, helping patrons find books — I always knew where Henry James’ books were. It’s not because I’m a big Henry James’ fan…in truth I have no strong opinion of the guy; never read his books.
Sorry, bro
But his LC call number was PS2112 (Okay that’s just for his selected works, but it’s where the Library of America editions went so it was pretty notable).
See, the call numbers assigned to LC don’t mean anything really — they give you an order to place things on the shelf, and often subclasses will follow a pattern — but it’s not like they carefully try to match numbers to categories.
“Oh we should put books on the American Revolution at E1776, that’d be cute.”
Yeah they don’t do that (it’s at E201-298).
So why 2112? I’m a Rush fan — a big Rush fan, and the number 2112 means something to us Rush…heads. Starmen? Analog kids? I’m not sure what they call Rush fans…
Than these guys
But I’m one of ’em.
Cleary less committed though
Here is a complete list of every call number that begins with 2112. For no particular reason.
B2112 – Philosophy (General)—Modern (1450/1600- )—By region or country—France—By period—18th century—Individual philosophers—Quesnay, François, 1694-1774—Collected works
BL2112 – Religions. Mythology. Rationalism—Religion—History and principles of religions—Asian. Oriental—By region or country—Southeast Asia—By region or country—Indonesia—General special
BQ2112 – Buddhism—Tripiṭaka. 大藏經. 三藏 (Canonical literature)—By version—Divisions not limited to a particular linguistic version—Sūtrapiṭaka. 經藏—Mahayana Buddhist sūtras. 大乘經典—Si shi er zhang jing. 四十二章經—Translations and adaptations (with or without original text)
BS2112 – The Bible—New Testament—Texts and versions—Modern texts and versions of the New Testament—Other modern European languages—Catalan—Texts. By date
CJ2112 – Numismatics—Coins—Medieval and modern—By region or country—America—Latin America—West Indies—Cuba—Museums. Collections. Exhibitions—Public—General works
CR2112 – Heraldry—Family heraldry—By region or country—Europe—Scandinavia—Norway—By period—Early and medieval
CT2112 – Biography—National biography—By region or country—Africa—East Africa—Dictionaries. Encyclopedias
DT2112 – History of Africa—South Africa—Local history and description—Free State. Vrystaat. Orange Free State. Oranje Vrystaat—History—By period—Early to 1854. Transorangia—General works
G2112 – Atlases—By region or country—Eastern Hemisphere. Eurasia, Africa, etc.—Europe—Former Soviet republics. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). Russia (Empire)—Regions, natural features, etc., A-Z
GT2112 – Manners and customs (General)—Costume. Dress. Fashion—Materials and articles of clothing. Details and accessories—Headgear—Veils
HB2112 – Economic theory. Demography—Demography. Population. Vital events—Population geography. Migration—By region or country—Asia—East Asia. Far East—Japan—Local, A-Z
HJ2112 – Public finance—Budget. Income and expenditure—By region or country—Europe—East Germany. Eastern Germany
HV2112 – Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology—Protection, assistance and relief—Special classes—People with disabilities—Blind—By region or country—Other regions or countries—Asia—East Asia. Far East—Japan—Societies. Associations. Conferences
JF2112 – Political institutions and public administration (General)—Public administration—Political parties—Organization. Party machinery. Campaign methods—Other topics, A-Z
JS2112 – Local government. Municipal government—Mexico—General—Other special, A-Z
(JX2112 – International law. Foreign relations. Diplomacy. International arbitration—International law—Treatises (History and theory)—Modern—1500-1713—Individual publicists—Loccenius—Collections and selections) JX is an obsolete class, but this USED to exist
K2112 – Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence—Comparative law. International uniform law—Courts. Procedure—Court organization and procedure—Congestion and delay
KD2112 – Law of England and Wales—Associations—Corporations. Juristic persons—Business corporations. Companies—Particular types of corporations or companies—Subsidiary and parent companies. Holding companies
KDZ2112 – America. North America—Individual countries—Bermuda—Commercial law—Maritime law—Carriage by sea. Maritime commercial law. Admiralty—Ocean bills of lading
KE2112 – Law of Canada—Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law—Transportation and communications—Road traffic. Automotive transportation—Traffic regulation and enforcement—General
KFC2112 – United States (Colorado)—Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law—Transportation and communication—Water transportation. Navigation and shipping—Harbors and ports
KFN2112 – United States (New Jersey)—Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law—Transportation and communication—Water transportation. Navigation and shipping—Harbors and ports
KFS2112 – United States (South Carolina)—Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law—Transportation and communication—Water transportation. Navigation and shipping—Harbors and ports
KFX2112 – United States (Cities)—Omaha to Paterson
KFZ2112 – United States (Northwest Territory)—Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law—Transportation and communication—Water transportation. Navigation and shipping—Harbors and ports
KGL2112 – West Indies: Bonaire—Commercial law—Maritime law—Carriage by sea. Maritime commercial law. Admiralty—Ocean bills of lading
KGP2112 – West Indies. Caribbean area: Dominica—Commercial law—Maritime law—Carriage by sea. Maritime commercial law. Admiralty—Ocean bills of lading
KGR2112 – West Indies. Caribbean area: Dutch Windward Islands (General)—Commercial law—Maritime law—Carriage by sea. Maritime commercial law. Admiralty—Ocean bills of lading
KGT2112 – West Indies. Caribbean area: Montserrat—Commercial law—Maritime law—Carriage by sea. Maritime commercial law. Admiralty—Ocean bills of lading
KGW2112 – West Indies. Caribbean area: Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts), Nevis, and Anguilla—Commercial law—Maritime law—Carriage by sea. Maritime commercial law. Admiralty—Ocean bills of lading
KJA2112 – Roman law—Sources—By period—Post-Justinian periods—Occident—Jurists’ law. Legistic—By period—16th to 18th centuries. Common law in Europe—By nationality—German—Individual jurists—Samuel Stryk, 1640-1710
KJC2112 – Regional comparative and uniform law (Europe)—Commercial law—Auctioneers. Auctions
KJV2112 – Law of France—Civil law. Droit civil—Security. Sûretés—General—National legislation. Federal legislation—Indexes and tables. Digests
KK2112 – Law of Germany—Commercial law. Handelsrecht—Commercial transactions. Handelsgeschäfte—Brokerage. Handelsmakler—Types of brokers, A-Z
KKB2112 – German states and provinces (A-Pr)—Bayreuth—Civil service
KKC2112 – German states and provinces (Ps-Z)—Schleswig-Holstein (State)—Economic law. Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce—Agriculture—Viticulture
KLA2112 – Eurasia: Russia, Soviet Union—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. mid 19th century to Soviet constitution (1918)—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KLB2112 – Eurasia: Russia (Federation, 1992- )—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KLP2112 – Eurasia: Ukraine (1919-1991)—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KMH2112 – Asia (Middle East. Southwest Asia): Iran—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KMJ2112 – Asia (Middle East. Southwest Asia): Iraq—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KMK2112 – Asia (Middle East. Southwest Asia): Israel—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KMT2112 – Asia (Middle East. Southwest Asia): Saudi Arabia—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KMV2112 – Asia (Middle East. Southwest Asia): United Arab Emirates—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KNF2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Afghanistan—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KNG2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Bangladesh—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KNL2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Burma—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KNM2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Cambodia—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KNN2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): China—General—By period—1644 to 1949—Other topics—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KNQ2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): China (People’s Republic, 1949- ). 中华人民共和国—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KNS2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): India—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KNW2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Indonesia—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KNX2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Japan—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KPA2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Korea. South Korea—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KPC2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. North Korea—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KPE2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Laos—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KPG2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Malaysia—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KPH2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Malaysia: States of East and West Malaysia (1957- ) (Part 2)—Sabah—Intellectual and industrial property—General
KPM2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Philippines—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KPS2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Sri Lanka—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KPT2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Thailand—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KPV2112 – Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Vietnam—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KQG2112 – Africa: Algeria—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KQH2112 – Africa: Angola—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KQW2112 – Africa: Cameroon—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KRM2112 – Africa: Egypt—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KRP2112 – Africa: Ethiopia—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KRX2112 – Africa: Ghana—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KSH2112 – Africa: Côte d’Ivoire—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KSK2112 – Africa: Kenya—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KSP2112 – Africa: Libya—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KSW2112 – Africa: Morocco—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KSX2112 – Africa: Mozambique—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KSY2112 – Africa: Namibia—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KTA2112 – Africa: Nigeria—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KTG2112 – Africa: Senegal:—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KTL2112 – Africa: South Africa, Republic of—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KTQ2112 – Africa: Sudan—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KTV2112 – Africa: Tunisia—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KTX2112 – Africa: Congo (Democratic Republic)—General—Constitutional law—Constitutional history—By period—From ca. 1800 to most recent constitution—Constitutional principles—Legitimacy
KU2112 – Pacific area: Australia—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KUQ2112 – Pacific area: New Zealand—General—Constitutional law—Individual and state—Human rights. Civil and political rights. Civic (socialist) duties—Freedom—Prohibition of slavery
KWL2112 – Pacific area: Pacific area jurisdictions: Solomon Islands—General—Intellectual and industrial property—General
KWT2112 – Pacific area: Pacific area jurisdictions: Wallis and Futuna Islands—General—Commercial law. Commercial transactions—Business associations—Cooperative societies—General
KZ2112 – Law of nations—Early/Medieval development to ca. 1900. Ius Naturae et Gentium—Publicists. Writers on public international law—To 18th century. By author or title—Loccenius, Johan, 1598-1677
LA2112 – History of education—By region or country—Australia and New Zealand—New South Wales—General works. Present situation, etc.
LB2112 – Theory and practice of education—Education and training of teachers and administrators—State teachers colleges. Normal schools. Teachers’ institutes—Europe—By region or country—Switzerland—General works
LC2112 – Special aspects of education—Education of special classes of persons—Women. Girls—History—By region or country—Europe—Greece—History and present situation—General
LD2112 – Individual institutions—United States—Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts—Administration—General. Official reports—President
LF2112 – Individual institutions—Continental Europe—France—Montpelier. Université—History—20th century
M2112 – Music—Vocal music—Sacred vocal music—One solo voice—Accompaniment of one instrument, keyboard instrument, and chordal instrument, or unaccompanied—Collections—One composer
N2112 – Visual arts—Art museums, galleries, etc.—Special countries and special museums—Europe—France—Other French galleries—Marseille—Musée Grobet-Labadié
PC2112 – Romance philology and languages—French—Language—Grammar—Textbooks—1950-
PE2112 – English philology and language—Linguistic geography. Dialects, etc.—Dialects of Scotland—Early Scotch (Scots) to ca. 1650—General works
PK2112 – Indo-Iranian philology and literature—Modern Indo-Aryan languages—Particular languages and dialects, A-Z—Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani literatures—Hindi, Hindustani literature—Local—Outside of India—Africa—Collections
PQ2112 – French literature—Modern French literature—Individual authors—18th century—Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de, 1694-1778—Biography and criticism—Iconography—Monuments
PR2112 – English literature—Anglo-Norman period. Early English. Middle English—Individual authors and works—Peblis, to the play
PS2112 – American literature—Individual authors—19th century—James, Henry—Selected works. Selections
PT2112 – German literature—Individual authors or works—1700-ca. 1860/70—Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832—Biography and criticism—Biography—Personality, character, etc.—Character. Moral conduct—Special (not A-Z)
Z2112 – National bibliography—Europe—Austria—Literature (General)—By period—Early through 1800
I can’t stress this enough — this doesn’t mean anything.
As a follow up to my post on the H 980 memo in the Subject Headings Manual dealing with Palestine as a subject heading — here is a post on the treatment of Palestine in Library of Congress Classification.
There are three things to discuss when talking about classifying for a geographic region in LCC, I’ll mention them in the broad and then return to each in the specific case of Palestine.
G 300
Those sections explicitly given in the schedule
Treatment of the geographic region as primary
G 300
The G 300 memo in the Classification and Shelflisting Manual provides an alphabetical listing of “all 193 independent countries as of 2005, 26 major dependencies and areas of special sovereignty, some historical jurisdictions or entities, and some islands”
It is to be consulted and applied whenever the classification schedule allows cuttering, “by region or country A-Z” without further instruction.
Example: HD4824.5.A-Z is given for
Industries. Land use. Labor—Labor. Work. Working class—Study and teaching. Research—By region or country, A-Z
There are no further instructions, and so you’d check G 300 to find the country or region you need and use the cutter found there.
Explicit sections in the schedules
Sometimes a topic is treated with greater complexity than, dividing “by region or country A-Z”.
Example: BR500-1510 is given for
Christianity—History—By region or country
But notice that range — BR500 to 1500. There’s a lot more going on there than a simply cutter list of ~250 regions. Cases like this override the G300 memo and you follow exactly what’s in the schedule.
The country as topic
In the D-F classes, you’ll find the history of the whole dang world. For the most part this means a certain range given over to a country and its government, history, people, etc.
Example: DR401-741.22 is given for all things Turkey
We now return to Palestine in the specific:
in the G300 memo:
Jerusalem is .J4
Palestine is .P19
Remember my previous post, for LCs purposes – ‘Palestine’ refers to the entire region of the modern State of Palestine and Israel, so .P19 would not be a good cutter for a resource about a topic in the West Bank or the Gaza Strip.
Though neither has a cutter, and their absences are noted — it doesn’t mean you can’t cutter by them. In fact, LC does this on a regular basis. See the following works in their catalog:
https://lccn.loc.gov/2011332033
ʻUdwān, Yūsuf. — عدوان، يوسف. al-Jamʻīyāt al-taʻāwunīyah al-zirāʻīyah fī al-arāḍī al-Filasṭīnīyah : al-wāqiʻ wa-subul al-taṭwīr / Yūsuf ʻUdwān, Sārah Nawfal. — الجمعيات التعاونية الزراعية في الأراضي الفلسطينية : الواقع وسبل التطوير / يوسف عدوان، سارة نوفل. al-Quds : Maʻhad Abḥāth al-Siyāsāt al-Iqtiṣādīyah al-Filasṭīnī, Mās, 2010. — القدس : معهد أبحاث السياسات الإقتصادية الفلسطيني، ماس، 2010.
ix, 75, 5 p. ; 24 cm.
HD1486.W47 U38 2010
https://lccn.loc.gov/97957743
Salman, Hind Kattan. Women in business : the case of Palestinian women in the West Bank and Gaza Strip / Hind Kattan Salman. Bethlehem, West Bank : The International Center of Bethlemem, Department for Women’s Studies, c1996.
86 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
HD6054.4.W47 S25 1996
https://lccn.loc.gov/2010403850
Breaking the silence : testimonial booklet #1. [Jerusalem : S.n, 2004?]
46 p. ; 21 cm.
JC599.W47 B74 2004
https://lccn.loc.gov/2005336735
Analysis of waste management policies in Palestine : domestic solid waste and wastewater / executing agency Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ). Bethlehem : Applied Research Institute, ARIJ, 2005.
xiv, 182 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 24 cm.
HD4485.W47 A43 2005
These are all sections of the schedule instructing to cutter ‘by region or country A-Z’ and LC predominantly uses .W47 for the West Bank. I encourage you to use it as well.
What about Gaza Strip you ask?
Harder to find. Because the West Bank is so much bigger, it absorbs most of the cuttering if the resource deals with both… I did find this one though!
https://lccn.loc.gov/2010403453
Hamas exploitation of civilians as human shields. [Israel] : Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Israel Intelligence Heritage & Commemoration Center (IICC), 2009.
81 p. : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
HV6432.43 .G39 H36 2009
So to sum up — while there are no cutters listed in G 300 for West Bank and the Gaza Strip, you may still cutter directly to them in a “by region or country A-Z” instruction, just as LC has done.
Interestingly — both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are given treatment throughout our second set, the sections given explicitly in the schedules.
Statistics—Statistical data—By region or country—Asia—Middle East. Near East
HA4560.5 West Bank HA4560.7 Gaza Strip
History of education—By region or country—Middle East (Near East). The Levant
LA1444.5 West Bank LA1444.6 Gaza Strip
Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering—Sewage collection and disposal systems. Sewerage—Country and city subdivisions—Asia—Other divisions of Asia, A-Z
TD613.G39 Gaza Strip TD613.W48 West Bank
So as you can see — both are given treatment in the explicit sections, which is good! Furthermore, the delineation is made very clear between these regions and Israel by having Israel be an entirely separate number. In the preceding three examples Israel is found at:
HA4560
LA1440-1444
TD613.I75
The final classification type is the worst in its treatment of Palestine.
As you’ve seen in some previousposts — I have a beef with the DS101-151 section as a whole. Unfortunately, this is where Gaza Strip and the West Bank end up.
History of Asia—Israel (Palestine). The Jews—Regions, towns, etc., A-Z
DS110.G3 Gaza Strip DS110.W47 West Bank
Now I know that it says right there in the main heading for DS101-151: Israel (Palestine), but as we’ve discussed, Palestine means the entire region — and the Gaza Strip and West Bank are certainly in that region, but the rest of the DS101-151 section details the history and government and foreign relations and wars of Israel, saying nothing about the State of Palestine or its government, history, foreign relations and wars (except as regards to Israel).
My solution, or at the very least, my suggestion for this problem would be to establish a call number range specifically for Palestine as a nation-state which is not contained within DS101-151.
Offers the first investigation of anti-queer violence that focuses on the role played by race, class, and gender. Drawing on interviews with forty-seven victims of violence, Meyer shows that LGBT people encounter significantly different forms of violence – and perceive that violence quite differently – based on their race, class, and gender.
Leaving aside for the moment the fact that there is no term to express intersectionality in the LCSH, I was frustrated by what terms I did have to assign to this resource.
The topical subdivision –Violence against is an obvious one, but what term to use for the Class of persons against whom the violence is enacted?
As I’ve now spent a great deal of time with the various LGBTQ subject headings (see this post, if you missed it), I knew the answer was the term “Sexual minorities“.
Check out some of its 450s:
GLBT people
GLBTQ people
LGBT people
LGBTQ people
That’s the term LCSH prefers for any kind of umbrella term for the gamut of sexual identities. But does ‘Queer’ have better literary warrant? Let’s take a look:
“ti:Sexual minorities”, all resources that have ‘Sexual minorities’ in the title has about 4000 hits in WorldCat
Now obviously this is not a scientific demonstration that ‘Queer’ is the preferred term in use, there will be many false positives for the latter. But that should at least be enough to demonstrate that it needs re-evaluating.
In fact, they already have two terms using ‘Queer’ just not as a term for people.
Then it came time to catalog the darn thing. HV6250.4.H66 was where it ended up which is less than ideal. The HV6250.4.A-Z section is given for:
Criminology. Victims of crimes. Victimology. Special classes of persons as victims, A-Z
‘Homosexuals’ is the .H66 cutter and it’s the only one on the given list that applies to sexual identities. Even checking LCs catalog one finds the need for a more expansive cutter provided beyond homosexuality.
All of these books are cataloged by LC as HV6250.4.H66, but as you can see, they do not limit their scope to ‘homosexuality’ as neither does the resource in hand above. We need a Q in our cutters.
When classifying a film (or anything, actually) we can only assign it one number to give it a home on the shelf. Sure you can assign it some back-up numbers, or alternative numbers, but at the end of the day — if a resource has a home on a shelf, it will almost certainly have only one call number which puts it in a certain place with (ideally), similar resources. Remember that long list of Cutters from the last post? That was the system we had to work with, so if a movie were a comedy, it would be cuttered .C55, if it were a foreign film, .F67, etc. But here’s the rub: most movies are not one thing. There are funny foreign films, there are literature adaptations that are about country life, there are action films that are also sci-fi films, and so on. It’s not like people haven’t been placing movies into a single location for years, but even as a kid at a movie store I hate that Alien was in sci-fi or horror when it was clearly both!
The second reason for the project was a frustration I encountered when patrons were looking for films they could borrow, i.e. take home. Emerson had the circulating media collection and the teaching media collection whose items could not be taken home by students. There was no way within the discovery interface to limit to a specific collection, and students would often be frustrated to find out that they couldn’t actually borrow the item they had come to the library to retrieve.
Finally — as many of our students were studying film, they often wanted an individual filmmaker’s oeuvre , “all the movies you have directed by X”, “I need all the movies you have written by Y.” This was easier said than done — if you searched Steven Spielberg (filtering to media) you’d end up with 47 results, only 16 of which were actually films he directed. Our discovery interface simply wasn’t able to retrieve by roles.
I need to say pretty baldly here, that when I started this project in March of 2014, I had only taken 4 complete classes of my MLS, and none of the cataloging/classification classes. I wasn’t versed in RDA, linked data (not that I am versed in that yet…) or the various types of discovery interfaces. All I had was this IDEA, and I ran with it.
As many of you surely know, I once created a browsable/searchable interface for the Emerson College Library circulating DVD collection. How do some of you already know this? Because I talk about it. A lot.
It’s the thing I’m proudest of in my brief career as a librarian, and I crow about it. As I learn more, (I started the project while still in library school), as I read more and see other people’s work, I realize things I should’ve done differently, and get ideas (or dreams?) for future projects.
Because working on one of those right away seems hard for me right now, I thought I’d write about the process and steps I took to create my last project, and who knows maybe it’d even inspire someone else looking for a project.
Background:
There are many different ways to place films on a shelf. Some libraries use the PN1997s, shelf-listing them by title, with films released after 2000 going in the PN1997.2s. Some don’t bother with a formal classification and just place them numerically, relying on the descriptive data in the catalog to help users find them (this is how we did it at Berklee). Another popular method (and the one that Emerson was using) is the PN1995.9 section. I recently discussed on twitter with Roxanne Shirazi, Violet Fox, and Jessica about how the PN1995.9 section is a mess. Have a look:
PN1995.9.A-Z Other special topics, A-Z
PN1995.9.A25 Abjection
Aboriginal Australians see PN1995.9.A835
PN1995.9.A255 Accents and accentuation
PN1995.9.A26 Acting. Auditions
PN1995.9.A3 Adventure films
Aeronautics see PN1995.9.F58
PN1995.9.A43 Africa
African Americans see PN1995.9.N4
PN1995.9.A433 Aging
Cf. PN1995.9.O43 Older people
PN1995.9.A435 AIDS (Disease)
PN1995.9.A437 Airplanes
PN1995.9.A44 Alamo (San Antonio, Tex.)
PN1995.9.A443 Alcatraz Island (Calif.)
PN1995.9.A45 Alcoholism
PN1995.9.A457 Alien films
PN1995.9.A46 Alien (Foreign) workers
PN1995.9.A47 Alienation (Social psychology). Rebels
PN1995.9.A48 Aliens
And that’s just a PIECE of the A‘s. It’s a very very very long list, mixing together genres, forms, moods, styles, and yes, topics. Even setting aside the usual issues in LCC of offensive terms (notice that African Americans directs you to N4), it is an unwieldy list which requires very careful institutional thought and consistency. Are you going to use those geographic cutters? Are you going to place series with their given cutters, or with the genre they may belong to? Will films of a form be placed with their form or with a genre? If you decide to use a specific set of cutters and try to fit everything into those, you’d better make sure that all your catalogers (now and future!) know that set, and adhere to it. Ultimately you’ll still need great metadata to describe the films, but I think patrons still enjoy the serendipitous discovery of browsing shelves, and so these choices do matter.
I’m not casting any aspersions on Emerson, they had a huge collection of some 3000+ DVDs spread across the PN1995.9s with cutters ranging from .A1 to .Y6,many with as few as 1 movie, the most numerous one having 367. I thought that our patrons really enjoyed the ability (like at a video store, back when those existed) to browse the collection visually, without the catalog, being able to find a gem they weren’t even looking for.
So what was the problem, why did I do all that work? Find out — in part 2.
I’m not talking about antisemitism in the Library of Congress Classification scheme. No — i’m talking about the placement of antisemitism within LCC.
As I’ve said before — Jews and Israelis are not the same thing.
Question: Why do you keep harping on this Netanel, we have to put everything somewhere!
Answer: Easy — I’m Jewish, I’m Israeli, I’m a cataloger, and it matters. It matters because the equation of these two distinct identities in the national (and international) sphere has incredibly potent and serious ramifications for war, peace, land, and money. Codifying this false equivalence into the LCC scheme, while not as widely used as DDC, then spreads the idea into every library in the world that uses LCC. I’m not trying to be overdramatic (though perhaps I am) — but the way we define our bibliographical (and non biblio) resources, what we collocate, tells our users (and reaffirms to ourselves) the way we think the world “is” and perhaps the way it “ought to be”.
So I harp.
Alright, so let’s talk about antisemitism in LCC. I’ve lived in the United States for nearly my entire life, and the US has a rich history of antisemitism, so let’s see where we’ll find those resources.
E184.3-E184.37 is the range for United States—Elements in the population—Jews
Putting aside the “Elements in the population aspect”, that’s a pretty reasonable place to look for anything that might have to do with the experiences, conditions, accomplishments and treatment of Jews in the United States. Indeed, you’ll find subdivisions broken down by period and then a section of Special topics, A-Z which includes:
E184.36.A-Z Special topics, A-Z
E184.36.A34 African American-Jewish relations Antisemitism see DS146.U6
E184.36.E25 Economic conditions
(emphasis mine)
oh ho!
What’s this now? We’ve been redirected to our old friend DS101-151 where we find:
History of Asia—Israel (Palestine). The Jews—Special topics—Jewish diaspora—Antisemitism—By region or country, A-Z
DS146.A-Z By region or country, A-Z e.g.
DS146.A67 Arab countries
DS146.E85 Europe. Europe, Western
DS146.E8515 Europe, Central
DS146.E852 Europe, Eastern
DS146.U6 United States
That’s right, all antisemitism is collocated under Israel (Palestine). The Jews rather than being placed with the country in which the antisemitism is happening, despite the fact that it’s subdivided by country!
LCC has enough of an understanding that the experiences of Jews can differ widely from country to country that each country has a cutter given to them in the “Elements in the population” section. [Edit — this is incorrect please see this post for more] The United States, LC’s fav country, even provides numerous sub-topics of Jewish lives. So if you want to discuss antisemitism in that country, why are we being sent to the DSs if not for the idea that there is a Jewish whole (which is equivalent to the State of Israel) under which all topics can be indexed.
The phrase ‘Elements in the population’ appears throughout LC. Geographic regions tend to be discussed according to their history, broken down by period, then local history and description which will usually include enthography and there you’ll bump into today’s topic: Elements in the population.
What does that mean? Well it’s a tidy way of saying, “the people who aren’t the reggos.”
There are the Hungarians, and then there’s the DB919.2.A-Zif you know what I mean
I’m sure that the intent behind these ‘elements’ demarcations is the usual “if the resource doesn’t take pains to indicate the people its excluding, then treat it as though it’s talking about everybody.” This is the standard line which enforces white supremacy (and the male-as-default, heteronomativity, etc.) Even if your book ‘happens’ to be only about white americans, as long as it doesn’t say in text that it’s excluding all POC from it’s scope, class it as though it’s just about ‘Americans in general’.
This is another method of othering populations. For examples, let’s turn to the one I use most often:
Here’s some of the breakdown of the ‘Elements in the population’
Arabs. Palestinian Arabs—Arabs in Israel
DS113.7 General works
DS113.72 Druzes
DS113.74 Lebanese
DS113.75 Bedouins
Then we get to the rest which is an odd mix of Nationality Jews and unmarked Nationalities. What I mean by that can be seen from some of the listing:
DS113.8.A35 Algerian Jews
DS113.8.A4 Americans
DS113.8.A74 Armenians
DS113.8.B44 Belarusian Jews
DS113.8.B7 British
DS113.8.B84 Bulgarians
DS113.8.C35 Canadian Jews
What if you’re a British Jew? What about the Belarusians in Israel who aren’t Jewish? NO CLUE.
Just kidding. I checked LCs catalog, and all of the books from DS113.8.B7 are about British Jews in Israel ex.
So I have no idea why it’s ‘British’ and not ‘British Jews’…
If you check the whole listing, you may notice that there is no way to specify ‘Jews in Israel’. I remind you that Jews are given heading status with the DS101-151 section itself, equating Israel with the Jews. For this reason, there is no way to talk about Jews as a class of people in Israel. According to LC, if a resource is about the Israeli population, it is already about the Jews unless otherwise specified.
So the next time you come across an LC section subdividing the population into ‘elements’, ask yourself who isn’t there. Ask yourself who is considered the ‘regular’ population.
* While there are most definitely Jews who live in, or are descended from those who lived in, Arab nations, the idea of a ‘Jewish Arab’ is contentious and many Jews who could be called ‘Arab Jews’ such as Yemenite or Iraqi Jews, usually do not as it seems (to them) to diminish the notion of Jewish-as-ethnicity. Some do identify as Arabian Jews, such as Ella Shohat and Ammiel Alcalay and I completely respect anyone’s decision to identify as a Jewish Arab or not. I only added this footnote to clarify for those readers who may wonder at the distinction in the CIA factbook percentages. Israel’s census treats these as two mutually distinct classes.
As you may remember from my first post — I began this blog as a response to feeling frustrated cataloging a book. The author was writing from his perspective of several intersecting identities, yet LC did not allow, neither in subject headings nor in classification, for me to account for them.
So having been reminded that I’d meant to explore the limits of those intersections — here goes something:
Social usages. Etiquette—General works—American—Special topics
BJ1857.A-Z Other special topics, A-Z
BJ1857.A37 African Americans
BJ1857.B7 Boys
BJ1857.C5 Children
BJ1857.E8 Escort service
BJ1857.F3 Family
BJ1857.G5 Girls
BJ1857.N8 Nurses
BJ1857.S5 Sick, The
BJ1857.S75 Students
BJ1857.Y58 Young adults
BJ1857.Y6 Young women
Here you have several given sets of people for whom one could conceivably write an “American etiquette guide.” Let me save you the trouble, the only book in LC’s catalog (in three incarnations) for Escort service is Gentlemen for rent, by Ted Peckham, here’s a link to a New Yorker review of it.
Let’s say you’re holding a resource that’s an etiquette guide for African American girls, where would you class it?
Why Netanel, I can hear you (LC) say, surely no such resource could exist, otherwise we would’ve made a provision for it!
N.B. That subject heading in the title is a little joke — there is no heading for intersectionality, despite the preponderance of works which are about it. Perhaps that should be my next LCSH suggestion
Collins, Patricia Hill; Andersen, Margaret L. (2015) [1992]. Race, class, & gender: an anthology. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781305093614.
Collins, Patricia Hill (2009) [1990]. Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415964722.
I Never Metadata I Didn't Like 